The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) is an important judicial system to deal with the conflicts involving government employees and their respective departments in India. Set up under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, this body has over the resolution of service disputes by central government employees. That CAT is vested with authority over several areas of public service that includes recruitment, promotion and disciplinary action it plays a key role in the maintenance of administrative justice.
The Central Administrative Tribunal has a principal bench in Delhi and several regional benches including one in Chennai, which covers the region. It is formulated to be processed in a certain manner and composition, so that when the matter comes up for consideration justice is delivered without delay. In this article, we will attempt to cover an understanding about the setup of CAT as well as brief on its legal pedagogy, jurisdiction and power conferred etc. The aim of the article is that you will get a thorough perspective of the functioning and importance of CAT in India's administrative setup protecting the rights & properties of civil servants working for the Government.
The Central Administrative Tribunal, created under Article 323-A of the Indian Constitution, is a special judicial forum to resolve disputes between government employees and their department. In simple terms, Central Administrative Tribunal Act (CAT) was constituted for providing speedy relief and also for unburdening the regular courts in the cases related to recruitment and service conditions of and about public servants, with exceptions like members of the armed forces, paramilitary personnel, and officers and employees of the Supreme Court and High Courts.CAT would ensure the complaints are dealt with through an accessible procedure, and therefore their resolution is expeditious for fixing effective administrative justice in the public sector.
The tribunal is headquartered in Delhi, but benches are spread all over the country, so the facility is at an accessible distance. The Central Administrative Tribunal Delhi, is a principal bench that has its jurisdictions on cases emanating from central government offices located in Delhi.
| Court | Tribunal |
|---|---|
| The court is a judicial entity that is formed by the constitution to dispense justice and is governed by law. | Tribunals mean the body of members who are selected to settle the controversies arising under certain special matters. |
| Judgement, Decree, or Conviction is the name for the decision by the court. | Award is a word used to describe decisions by Tribunal. |
| Courts deal with all types of cases. | While tribunals are formed to deal with specific matters. |
| Court follows a proper code of procedure. | Whereas Tribunal doesn't follow any fixed code of procedure. |
Sec 4 of the 1985 Administrative Tribunals Act lays down the structural provisions relating to the Central Administrative Tribunal, wherein it has been said that the CAT has to consist of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, judicial members, and administrative members. Every bench of the CAT should have one judicial member and one administrative member. The President of India appoints the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, and other members after taking advice from the Chief Justice of India in the case of judicial appointments. Provided, in the case of State Tribunals, the President appoints the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, and members after consultation with the Governor concerned. In result, CAT has ensured that the best legal and administrative expertise operates within its structured and consultative process.
| Bench | Jurisdiction |
|---|---|
| New Delhi (Principal Bench) | NCT Delhi |
| Ahmedabad Bench | State of Gujarat |
| Allahabad Bench | State of Uttar Pradesh (Excluding those covered in Lucknow Bench) and Uttaranchal |
| Lucknow Bench | Districts of Lucknow, Hardoi, Kheri, Raebareli, Sitapur, Unnao, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Baharaich, Shravasti, Barabanki, Gonda, Balrampur, Pratapgarh, Sultanpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh |
| Bangalore | State of Karnataka |
| Calcutta | State of Sikkim, West Bengal, and UT Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| Chandigarh | State of J&K, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and UT Chandigarh |
| Cuttack | State of Orissa |
| Ernakulam Bench | State of Kerala and UT Lakshadweep |
| Guwahati Bench | State of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram |
| Hyderabad Bench | State of Andhra Pradesh |
| Jabalpur Bench | State of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |
| Jodhpur Bench | State of Rajasthan excluding the Districts mentioned against Number 14 under the jurisdiction of Jaipur Bench |
| Jaipur Bench | District of Ajmer, Alwar, Baran, Bharatpur, Bundi, Dausa, Dholpur, Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Kota, Sawai Madhopur, Sikar, Tonk, and Karauli in the state of Rajasthan |
| Chennai Bench | State of Tamil Nadu and UT Pondicherry |
| Mumbai Bench | State of Maharashtra and Goa, UT Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu |
| Patna Bench | State of Bihar and Jharkhand |
Filing a case in the Central Administrative Tribunal is a structured process. An aggrieved government employee can file an application under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunal Act. The application should cover all the information relevant to the contested matter with the supporting documents. The case filed by the aggrieved party will be taken up by the Central Administrative Tribunal after due notice to parties in question and after public hearings. The orders of the Central Administrative Tribunal shall be binding and can be appealed to the High Court, if necessary.
First you would start with a detailed application where it will address your grievance, the relief you are looking for and the grounds for your claim. Make sure that the application is in the format as contained by CAT and it clearly matriculates what are issues on hand.
Collect All Relevant Documentation to Support Your Position. This consists of the application type itself, a sworn statement validating that your declarations hold true and any sustaining papers such as solution documents or communication. Index your documents to be easier referenced and organized.
Submit your completed application and all materials to the appropriate CAT Bench. Complete this within the typical timeframes. If necessary, pay tribunal fees and hold a receipt as evidence of payment.
On receipt of your application, the Tribunal will issue notice to the respondent (the party you are challenging) which must be served personally on him to bring to his notice the nature of the case and to afford him an opportunity to be heard.
Attend the hearings scheduled by the Tribunal to present your case. Provide all necessary evidence and arguments. After the hearings, wait for the Tribunal to issue a final judgment. Ensure that you comply with the Tribunal’s order once it is delivered.
This procedure provides a clear and manageable approach for filing a case in CAT, ensuring that all necessary steps are followed to achieve a fair resolution.
The Central Administrative Tribunal has original jurisdiction in a vast arena of service matters relating to the employees of the central government. It includes:
The Central Administrative Tribunal, besides having original jurisdiction, has power, in appropriate cases, also to review its own orders as well as grant interim relief. Such orders of the tribunal are subject to appeal to the High Court on questions of law alone.
The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) is a quasi-judicial body constituted to adjudicate disputes and complaints touching upon the matters of recruitment and service of public servants. The detailed preparation and the specific procedural requirements to fill in a case in the CAT render the procedure very complex. To initiate proceedings before the CAT, the following documents are typically required:
This procedure provides a clear and manageable approach for filing a case in CAT, ensuring that all necessary steps are followed to achieve a fair resolution.
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The Central Administrative Tribunal is indeed an important disbursal unit for most of the cases relating to timeliness and justice in the central government's actions against its employees. Considering issues of recruitment, promotion, conditions of service, and disciplinary matters, CAT has been playing a crucial role in upholding administrative probity. The systemic procedural set-up and large-scale jurisdiction underline effectively its role viewed in relation to the maintenance of integrity in public services.
For expert guidance on navigating the complexities of administrative disputes, consider consulting with Litem Legalis. Our experienced team is dedicated to providing tailored legal solutions to meet your needs.
